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"The Progress of Poesy. A Pindaric Ode"

[Digital Library showcase image]You can access the commentary for this poem by browsing through it by lines, by using the find reference form below to specify the passage of interest in the text, or by searching the commentary available for the text. When browsing, please select the line numbers for Gray's own annotations and the letters in front of the line numbers to access the editors' and contributors' commentary types: "T" for variants and textual notes, "E" for explanatory notes, and "T/E" for both types (where applicable). You will then be shown what commentary exists on this passage based on your selection criteria. If you need more detailed options, please use the find reference form below. You can always modify or add to your selection criteria, or choose a different approach to exploring the text. Please see below for an introductory editorial note on the text and for a list of printed works cited in the commentary. You can also consult this help section for more information.

Commentary:  Notes/Queries: 440 (Textual [T]: 112, Explanatory [E]: 328)

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[down]T E T/E "The Progress of Poesy. A Pindaric Ode"    
      
  ϕωνᾶντα συνετοῖσιν· ἐς    
  δὲ τὸ πᾶν ἑρμηνέων χατίζει.    
          Pindar, Olymp[ian Odes]. II. [85]    
      
  Advertisement.    
      
  When the Author first published this and the following    
  Ode, he was advised, even by his Friends, to subjoin some    
  few explanatory Notes; but had too much respect for the    
  understanding of his Readers to take that liberty.    
      
  I. 1.    
      
 T E T/E1    Awake, Aeolian lyre, awake,    
 T E T/E2    And give to rapture all thy trembling strings.    
  E  3    From Helicon's harmonious springs    
  E  4    A thousand rills their mazy progress take:    
[up] E  5    The laughing flowers, that round them blow,    
[down] E  6    Drink life and fragrance as they flow.    
  E  7    Now the rich stream of music winds along,    
  E  8    Deep, majestic, smooth, and strong,    
  E  9    Through verdant vales and Ceres' golden reign:    
 T E T/E10    Now rowling down the steep amain,    
 T E T/E11    Headlong, impetuous, see it pour:    
 T E T/E12    The rocks and nodding groves rebellow to the roar.    
      
  I. 2.    
      
  E  13    Oh! Sovereign of the willing soul,    
  E  14    Parent of sweet and solemn-breathing airs,    
  E  15    Enchanting shell! the sullen Cares    
  E  16    And frantic Passions hear thy soft control.    
  E  17    On Thracia's hills the Lord of War,    
  E  18    Has curbed the fury of his car,    
  E  19    And dropped his thirsty lance at thy command.    
  E  20    Perching on the sceptred hand    
  E  21    Of Jove, thy magic lulls the feathered king    
[up] E  22    With ruffled plumes and flagging wing:    
[down]T E T/E23    Quenched in dark clouds of slumber lie    
  E  24    The terror of his beak, and lightnings of his eye.    
      
  I. 3.    
      
  E  25    Thee the voice, the dance, obey,    
  E  26    Tempered to thy warbled lay.    
  E  27    O'er Idalia's velvet-green    
  E  28    The rosy-crowned Loves are seen    
  E  29    On Cytherea's day    
 T E T/E30    With antic Sports and blue-eyed Pleasures,    
  E  31    Frisking light in frolic measures;    
  E  32    Now pursuing, now retreating,    
  E  33    Now in circling troops they meet:    
 T E T/E34    To brisk notes in cadence beating    
  E  35    Glance their many-twinkling feet.    
 T E T/E36    Slow melting strains their queen's approach declare:    
  E  37    Where'er she turns the Graces homage pay.    
  E  38    With arms sublime, that float upon the air,    
[up] E  39    In gliding state she wins her easy way:    
[down] E  40    O'er her warm cheek and rising bosom move    
  E  41    The bloom of young desire and purple light of love.    
      
  II. 1.    
      
 T E T/E42    Man's feeble race what ills await,    
  E  43    Labour, and penury, the racks of pain,    
  E  44    Disease, and sorrow's weeping train,    
 T E T/E45    And death, sad refuge from the storms of fate!    
  E  46    The fond complaint, my song, disprove,    
  E  47    And justify the laws of Jove.    
 48    Say, has he given in vain the heavenly Muse?    
  E  49    Night, and all her sickly dews,    
  E  50    Her spectres wan, and birds of boding cry,    
  E  51    He gives to range the dreary sky:    
 T E T/E52    Till down the eastern cliffs afar    
 T E T/E53    Hyperion's march they spy, and glittering shafts of war.    
      
  II. 2.    
[up]     
[down] E  54    In climes beyond the solar road,    
  E  55    Where shaggy forms o'er ice-built mountains roam,    
  E  56    The Muse has broke the twilight-gloom    
 T E T/E57    To cheer the shivering native's dull abode.    
  E  58    And oft, beneath the odorous shade    
  E  59    Of Chile's boundless forests laid,    
  E  60    She deigns to hear the savage youth repeat    
  E  61    In loose numbers wildly sweet    
  E  62    Their feather-cinctured chiefs, and dusky loves.    
  E  63    Her track, where'er the goddess roves,    
  E  64    Glory pursue, and generous Shame,    
  E  65    The unconquerable Mind, and Freedom's holy flame.    
      
  II. 3.    
      
  E  66    Woods that wave o'er Delphi's steep,    
  E  67    Isles that crown the Aegean deep,    
  E  68    Fields that cool Ilissus laves,    
 T E T/E69    Or where Maeander's amber waves    
[up]T E T/E70    In lingering lab'rinths creep,    
[down]T E T/E71    How do your tuneful echoes languish,    
  E  72    Mute, but to the voice of anguish?    
  E  73    Where each old poetic mountain    
  E  74    Inspiration breathed around:    
  E  75    Every shade and hallowed fountain    
 T E T/E76    Murmured deep a solemn sound:    
  E  77    Till the sad Nine in Greece's evil hour    
  E  78    Left their Parnassus for the Latian plains.    
  E  79    Alike they scorn the pomp of tyrant-power,    
  E  80    And coward Vice that revels in her chains.    
  E  81    When Latium had her lofty spirit lost,    
  E  82    They sought, oh Albion! next thy sea-encircled coast.    
      
  III. 1.    
      
  E  83    Far from the sun and summer-gale,    
  E  84    In thy green lap was Nature's darling laid,    
  E  85    What time, where lucid Avon strayed,    
  E  86    To him the mighty Mother did unveil    
[up] E  87    Her awful face: the dauntless child    
[down] E  88    Stretched forth his little arms and smiled.    
 T E T/E89    "This pencil take," (she said) "whose colours clear    
 T E T/E90    Richly paint the vernal year:    
 T E T/E91    Thine too these golden keys, immortal boy!    
 T E T/E92    This can unlock the gates of joy;    
 T E T/E93    Of horror that, and thrilling fears,    
 T E T/E94    Or ope the sacred source of sympathetic tears."    
      
  III. 2.    
      
  E  95    Nor second he, that rode sublime    
  E  96    Upon the seraph-wings of Ecstasy,    
  E  97    The secrets of the abyss to spy.    
  E  98    He passed the flaming bounds of place and time:    
  E  99    The living throne, the sapphire-blaze,    
  E  100    Where angels tremble while they gaze,    
  E  101    He saw; but blasted with excess of light,    
  E  102    Closed his eyes in endless night.    
  E  103    Behold, where Dryden's less presumptuous car,    
[up] E  104    Wide o'er the fields of glory bear    
[down] E  105    Two coursers of ethereal race,    
  E  106    With necks in thunder clothed, and long-resounding pace.    
      
  III. 3.    
      
  E  107    Hark, his hands the lyre explore!    
 T E T/E108    Bright-eyed Fancy hovering o'er    
  E  109    Scatters from her pictured urn    
  E  110    Thoughts that breathe, and words that burn.    
  E  111    But ah! 'tis heard no more—    
  E  112    Oh! lyre divine, what daring spirit    
  E  113    Wakes thee now? Though he inherit    
  E  114    Nor the pride, nor ample pinion,    
  E  115    That the Theban eagle bear    
  E  116    Sailing with supreme dominion    
  E  117    Through the azure deep of air:    
 T E T/E118    Yet oft before his infant eyes would run    
 T E T/E119    Such forms, as glitter in the Muse's ray    
 T E T/E120    With orient hues, unborrowed of the sun:    
 T E T/E121    Yet shall he mount, and keep his distant way    
 T E T/E122    Beyond the limits of a vulgar fate,    
[up]T E T/E123    Beneath the Good how far— but far above the Great.    

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Gray's annotations

1    Awake [up], my glory: awake, lute and harp.
    David's Psalms. [Prayer Book version, lvii. 9]
Pindar styles his own poetry with its musical accompanyments, [Greek sentence (omitted), translation:], Aeolian song, Aeolian strings, the breath of the Aeolian flute.
3    The subject and simile, as usual with Pindar, are united. The various sources of poetry, which gives life and lustre to all it touches, are here described; its quiet majestic progress enriching every subject (otherwise dry and barren) with a pomp of diction and luxuriant harmony of numbers; and its more rapid and irresistible course, when swoln and hurried away by the conflict of tumultuous passions.
13    Power of harmony to calm the turbulent sallies of the soul. The thoughts are borrowed from the first Pythian of Pindar. [See note to l. 20.]
20    This is a weak imitation of some incomparable lines in the same Ode. [Pindar, Pythian Ode I, 1-12.]
25    Power of harmony to produce all the graces of motion in the body.
35    [Greek line (omitted)] [He (Odysseus) gazed at the quick twinkling of (the dancers') feet; and he wondered in his heart.]
    Homer. Od[yssey]. O. [viii. 265]
41    [Greek line (omitted)] [And on his rose-red cheeks there gleams the light of love.]
    Phrynichus, apud Athenaeum. [Deipnosophistae, xiii. 604a]
[Modern texts give the line as follows: Greek line (omitted).]
42    To compensate the real and imaginary ills of life, the Muse was given to Mankind by the same Providence that sends the Day by its chearful presence to dispel the gloom and terrors of the Night.
52    Or seen the Morning's well-appointed Star
Come marching up the eastern hills afar.
    Cowley. [Brutus, an Ode, st. 4]
54    Extensive influence of poetic Genius over the remotest and most uncivilized nations: its connection with liberty, and the virtues that naturally attend on it. [See the Erse, Norwegian, and Welch Fragments, the Lapland and American songs.]
    [solar road]
``Extra anni solisque vias—'' [Beyond the paths of the year and the sun—]
Virgil. [Aeneid, vi. 796]
``Tutta lontana dal camin del sole.'' [Quite far from the road of the sun.]
Petrarch, Canzon 2. [Canzoniere, `Canzone II', l. 48]
66    Progress of Poetry from Greece to Italy, and from Italy to England. Chaucer was not unacquainted with the writings of Dante or of Petrarch. The Earl of Surrey and Sir Tho. Wyatt had travelled in Italy, and formed their taste there; Spenser imitated the Italian writers; Milton improved on them: but this School expired soon after the Restoration, and a new one arose on the French model, which has subsisted ever since.
84    [Nature's Darling] Shakespear.
95    [He] Milton.
98    ``—flammantia moenia mundi.'' [—the flaming ramparts of the world].
    Lucretius. [De Rerum Natura, i. 74]
99    For the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels - And above the firmament, that was over their heads, was the likeness of a throne, as the appearance of a saphire-stone. - This was the appearance [of the likeness] of the glory of the Lord.
    Ezekiel i. 20, 26, 28.
102    [Greek line (omitted)] [(the Muse) took away (his) eyes, but she gave (him the gift of) sweet song].
    Homer. Od[yssey, viii. 64].
105    Meant to express the stately march and sounding energy of Dryden's rhimes.
106    Hast thou cloathed his neck with thunder?
    Job. [xxxix. 19]
110    Words, that weep, and tears, that speak.
    Cowley. ["The Prophet" in The Mistress, line 20]
111    We have had in our language no other odes of the sublime kind, than that of Dryden on St. Cecilia's day: for Cowley (who had his merit) yet wanted judgment, style, and harmony, for such a task. That of Pope is not worthy of so great a man. Mr. Mason indeed of late days has touched the true chords, and with a masterly hand, in some of his Choruses, - above all in the last of Caractacus,
    Hark! heard ye not yon footstep dread? &c.
115    [Greek line (omitted)] [against the god-like bird of Zeus].
    [Pindar] Olymp. 2. [88]
Pindar compares himself to that bird, and his enemies to ravens that croak and clamour in vain below, while it pursues its flight, regardless of their noise.

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Note on the text

Composition / Publication: c. 1751-1754 / 1757Form: irregularly rhyming
Original Text: 1768Genre: Pindaric Ode
Editorial information: A brief introduction and a list of MS witnesses is available. Spelling has been modernized throughout, except in case of conscious archaisms. Contractions, italics and initial capitalization have been largely eliminated, except where of real import. Obvious errors have been silently corrected, punctuation has been lightly modernized. Additional contextual information for Gray's notes, presented here in unmodernized form, has been taken from the [S/H_1966] Starr/Hendrickson edition. The editor would like to express his gratitude to the library staff of the Göttingen State and University Library (SUB Göttingen) for their invaluable assistance.
Versions of this text are available in the Digital Library:
  • 1757: Odes by Mr. Gray. London, 1757.
  • 1765 vol. vi: A Collection of Poems in six volumes. By several hands. Vol. vi. London, 1765 [1st ed. 1758, two vols. 1748].
  • 1768: Poems by Mr. Gray. A new edition. London, 1768 [1st ed. 1768].
  • 1768: Poems by Mr. Gray. Glasgow, 1768.
  • 1771: Poems by Mr. Gray. A new edition. London, 1771.
  • 1775: The Poems of Mr. Gray. To which are prefixed Memoirs of his Life and Writings by W[illiam]. Mason. York, 1775.
  • 1775: Poems by Mr. Gray. A new edition. Edinburgh, 1775.
  • 1776: Poems by Mr. Gray. A new edition. London, 1776.
  • 1782: The Poetical Works of Thomas Gray. Edinburg, 1782.
  • 1798: The Poetical Works of Thomas Gray. London, 1798.
  • 1799: The Poetical Works of Thomas Gray. London, [1799].
  • 1799: The Poetical Works of Thomas Gray, LL.B. London, 1799.
  • 1800: The Poetical Works of Thomas Gray, LL.B. London, 1800.
  • 1816: The Works of Thomas Gray, Vol. I. Ed. John Mitford. London, 1816.
  • 1836: The Works of Thomas Gray, Volume I. Ed. John Mitford. London, 1836.

Works cited in the commentary

  • [BrJ_1903] The Poetical Works of Thomas Gray: English and Latin. Edited with an introduction, life, notes and a bibliography by John Bradshaw. Reprinted edition. The Aldine edition of the British poets series. London: George Bell and sons, 1903 [1st edition 1891].
  • [CrJ_1948] Gray: Poetry and Prose. With essays by Johnson, Goldsmith and others. With an Introduction and Notes by J. Crofts. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1948 [1st ed. 1926].
  • [EpW_1959] Poems of Thomas Gray. Edited by W. C. Eppstein. London and Glasgow: Blackie & Son Ltd., 1959.
  • [F/G_1999] Eighteenth-Century Poetry. An Annotated Anthology. Edited by David Fairer and Christine Gerrard. Blackwell annotated anthologies. Oxford: Blackwell, 1999.
  • [GoE_1884] The Works of Thomas Gray: In Prose and Verse. Ed. by Edmund Gosse, in four vols. London: MacMillan and Co., 1884, vol. i.
  • [HeJ_1981] Thomas Gray: Selected Poems. Ed. by John Heath-Stubbs. Manchester: Carcanet New Press Ltd., 1981.
  • [LoR_1969] The Poems of Thomas Gray, William Collins, Oliver Goldsmith. Edited by Roger Lonsdale. Longman Annotated English Poets Series. London and Harlow: Longmans, 1969.
  • [P/W_1950] The Poems of Gray and Collins. Edited by Austin Lane Poole. Revised by Leonard Whibley. Third edition. Oxford editions of standard authors series. London: Oxford UP, 1937, reprinted 1950 [1st ed. 1919].
  • [PhW_1894] Selections from the Poetry and Prose of Thomas Gray. Ed. with an introduction and notes by William Lyon Phelps. The Athenaeum press series. Boston: Ginn & company, 1894.
  • [ReJ_1973] The Complete English Poems of Thomas Gray. Edited with an Introduction and Notes by James Reeves. The Poetry Bookshelf series. London: Heinemann; New York: Barnes & Noble, 1973.
  • [S/H_1966] The Complete Poems of Thomas Gray: English, Latin and Greek. Edited by Herbert W. Starr and J. R. Hendrickson. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1966.
  • [ToD_1922] Gray's English Poems, Original and Translated from the Norse and Welsh. Edited by Duncan C. Tovey. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1922 [1st ed. 1898].

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